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The Montelupich prison, so called from the street in which it is located, the ''ulica Montelupich'' ("street of the Montelupi family"),〔Ulica Montelupich or "street of the Montelupis" itself is named after the Montelupi manor house (kamienica) located at Montelupich street Number 7, the so called ''Kamienica Montelupich'' built in the 16th century, and in the 19th century adapted as part of the Austrian military tribunal.〕 is a historic prison in Kraków from early 20th century, which was used by the Gestapo in World War II. It is universally recognized as "one of the most terrible Nazi prisons in ".〔Adam Bajcar, ''Poland: A Guidebook for Tourists'', tr. S. Tarnowski, Warsaw, Interpress Publishers, 1972. So also: ''Studia Historyczne'', vol. 30, 1987, p. 106: "Więzienie Montelupich w Krakowie należało do najcięższych w Generalnym Gubernatorstwie" (The Montelupich Prison in Cracow was among the most severe prisons in the General Government).〕 The Gestapo took over the facility from the German ''Sicherheitspolizei'' at the end of March 1941. One of the Nazi officials responsible for overseeing the Montelupich Prison was Ludwig Hahn.〔Piątkowska 1977 (see Bibliography), p. 29.〕 World War II prisoners at Montelupich were made up predominantly of the ethnically Polish political prisoners and victims of the Gestapo street raids, but also German members of the SS and Security Service (SD) who had been sentenced to jail terms, British and Soviet spies and parachutists, soldiers who had deserted the Waffen-SS, and regular convicts. The number of political prisoners who passed through or ended their lives in the Montelupich in the years 19401944 is estimated at 50,000.〔Józef Batko, ''Gestapowcy'', Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1985. ISBN 8303007203. Cited in Cezary Leżeński's review of the book in ''Nowe Książki'', 1986, p. 127.〕 Kurkiewiczowa (see Bibliography) states that "medieval tortures" constituted the fundamental and principal interrogation method of the Germans. Although the inscription on the plaque by the (side) door of the prison in the 1939 photograph pictured at right actually reads, "Sicherheits-Polizei-Gefängnis Montelupich", the name "Montelupich Prison" is strictly informal, based on common popular convention, even if it has now passed in that form into history. The Montelupich facility was the detention centre of the first instance used by the Nazis to imprison the Polish professors from the Jagiellonian University arrested in 1939 in the so-called ''Sonderaktion Krakau'', an operation designed to eliminate Polish intelligentsia. In January 1944, 232 prisoners from Montelupich were executed by a Nazi firing squad at Pełkinie.〔''Przewodnik po upamiętnionych miejscach walk i męczeństwa: lata wojny 19391945'', ed. Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa, 2nd ed., Warsaw, Sport i Turystyka, 1966, p. 299.〕 In late January or early February 1944, Wilhelm Koppe issued an order for the execution of 100 Montelupich prisoners as a reprisal for the unsuccessful attempt on the life of Hans Frank.〔''Przewodnik po upamiętnionych miejscach walk i męczeństwa: lata wojny 19391945'', ed. Rada Ochrony Pomników Walki i Męczeństwa, 2nd ed., Warsaw, Sport i Turystyka, 1966, p. 186.〕 In the locality called Wola Filipowska near Cracow there is a monument commemorating the execution by the Nazis of 42 hostages, all Montelupich prisoners who died on the spot before a firing squad on 23 November 1943. After World War II Montelupich became a Soviet prison where NKVD and Urząd Bezpieczeństwa tortured and murdered Polish soldiers from Home Army. At present, the building serves as temporary arrest and detention facility for men and women, with 158 jail cells and a prisoner hospital with additional 22 cells. ==History of the property== The building housing the prison was not originally constructed for its purpose, but instead, was a historical property that was redecorated in the Italianate Renaissance style in 1556 by the Italian Montelupi family who introduced the first postal service in Poland for the court of Sigismund III Vasa.〔Letizia Gianni, ''Polonia: Varsavia, Lublino, Cracovia, Breslavia, Toruń, Danzica, i Monti Tatra e la Masuria'', Milan, Touring Club Italiano, 2005, p. 101. ISBN 8836529232.〕 Their Kraków manor house, known in Polish as the Kamienica Montelupich (''Palazzo Montelupi'' in Italian), at Number 7 of the street to which it gave the name, was the starting point of the first international postal coach in Poland which departed from here for Venice in 1558.〔Jan Adamczewski, ''Kraków od A do Z'', Cracow, Krajowa Agencja Wydawnicza, 1980, p. 85.〕 The Jalu Kurek Park (see ''Park Jalu Kurka'') in Cracow was formerly the palace garden of the palazzo Montelupi. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Montelupich Prison」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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